Shale And The Shale Gas Boom - 1637 Words

Fracturing Shale Marcellus Shale, also known, as the Marcellus Formation, is black, organically rich, shale that exists underneath the surface of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia. The shale is located roughly one mile below the surface of these states and has an estimated 141 trillion cubic feet of attainable natural gas. As of 2015, Marcellus shale gas wells were reportedly yielding 14.4 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day (â€Å"Marcellus Shale - Appalachian Basin Natural Gas Play†). This shale discovery is known as one of the largest natural gas reserves in the United States, and this underground gas is now reachable thanks to hydraulic fracturing and horizontally drilling. These two techniques, when used in combination, have enabled gas producers to extract shale gas both rapidly and economically† (â€Å"The Marcellus Shale Gas Boom†). Although, there are many myths and disagreements with the way America gets this natural gas, it has proven to have more advantages than disadvantages. Marcellus Shale is an excellent resource because â€Å"natural gas is a ‘clean’ energy source. When natural gas is burned, it emits only half the amount of CO2† (E-Forum: Pros and Cons†). Natural gas tends to be much cleaner than crude oil, generally making the environment better. The less carbon dioxide in the air, the slower Earth will become warmed and certain regions won’t become dryer or even wetter faster than normal. Carbon dioxide’sShow MoreRelatedFracking Boom : How Fracking Ignited American Energy Revolution And Changed The World Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesNatural gas is the transitional fuel that is cleaner than coal and oil that has been experiencing a boom in the United States for the last few decades. Natural gas is most familiar to us in the form of heating and cooking on gas ranges. It is abundantly available and modern technology has made it much more accessible and cheaper than other energy sources. Hydraulic fracturing, known short as fracking, is the combination of technology with water and chemicals, and high pressure, that breaks throughRead MoreShale Gas Good for America964 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Shale gas is a natural gas that is found deep in the earth’s crust. This type of natural gas usually forms in shale deposits and can be released with a drilling technique known as fracking. Shale gas has become the most important source of natural gas in the United States. Scientist and researchers have always known of shale gas, but none have had the technologies to reach it till now. In early 2000, shale gas compensated for one percent of the United States supply of natural gas resourcesRead MoreFracking : A Reliable Energy Solution1386 Words   |  6 Pages Over the past decade oil and gas producers have increasingly used hydraulic fracturing also known as fracking to extract oil and gas from the earth. Most people believe fracking is a new process but it has been around for over 100 years. Modern day fracking began in the 1990’s when George P Mitchell created a new technique by combining fracking with horizontal drilling. Since then, U.S. oil and gas production has skyrocketed. But the â€Å"new† perception of fracking leads people to incorrectly believeRead MoreShale Oil994 Words   |  4 PagesShale Oil A new player -at least in the United States- is entering in the game with a lot of enthusiasm among some of the audience, and a lot of skepticism by some others, that this unconventional player will overtake the conventional ones any time soon. Although, Big hops are held on the new player in the future. This new player is oil shale. The number estimated of oil shale in place in the US is around 4.28 trillion Barrel. An immense amount that’s even hard toRead MoreThe Mining Of Marcellus Shale Industry1827 Words   |  8 PagesThe Marcellus Shale Industry in Pennsylvania Despite it’s long history of coal, oil, and gas development, Pennsylvania has seemingly been overcome by the rapidity and scale of production demonstrated with the recent boom of Marcellus Shale industry, which has companies, workers, environmentalists, etc. flocking to its northern tier. However, controversy seems to have followed as â€Å"the economic criticism of the drilling industry is that it booms and then busts, generating few local jobs and leavingRead MoreTo Drill or Not to Drill Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesbusinesses that we are against drilling for natural gas here in our state at this time! Developing our energy resources can not come at the expense of our environmental resources – our water, our land, and our ecosystems. Over the past few years natural gas drilling in Pennsylvania has become a popular topic of controversy. The reason this topic is so controversial to a Pennsylvania resident is because of the impact it has on our environment. Natural gas drilling companies are racing to the stateRead MoreFracking : Its Impact On The United States931 Words   |  4 PagesFracking is an unconventional drilling process that is accomplished by using high-pressured water to release oil and natural gas from rock formations, known as shales. The use of fracking in the United States has made it one of the top oil producing countries in the world. However, this newfound oil and gas drilling method has not come without its costs. Despite the economic boom near drilling locations, politically, fracking has caused some international relationships to be strained. Also, frackingRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing And Its Effects On The Environment1087 Words   |  5 PagesMurray Mr. Iwasaki Chun MYP Chemistry 3 May 2015 Hydraulic Fracturing â€Å"Our country will have drilled and fracked our way down a blind alley for a short lived energy boom† (qtd. In †¦). Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is the process of drilling and injecting fluid into the ground at high pressure in order to fracture shale rocks to release natural gases inside. Many people are referring to fracking as an energy revolution that will last America at least 100 years. What they don’t knowRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Revolution1895 Words   |  8 Pages INTRODUCTION The Shale gas revolution has demonstrated a quantum leap from almost nothing in 2000 to over 30 billion cubic metres in 2011. This caused a crash of natural gas prices in the United States, significantly changing the country’s natural gas future outlook (Mangeri, 2012). The US oil and gas fracking revolution is a new paradigm which has made the country a game changer in the oil and gas scheme of things, and has immense implications for economics, energy and geopolitics. It is projectedRead MoreHydraulic Fracking And Its Effects On The Nation Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 Pagesas â€Å"fracking† or â€Å"hydrofracking.† It is a generally new technique for oil and gas extraction. Basically for shale gas and tight oil, including cracking of rock by a pressurized fluid. Even penetrating takes into account the infusion of very pressurized fracking liquids into shale rock layers profound inside the earth. After a well is drilled, it is cased with bond tryin g to guarantee groundwater security and the shale is using pressurized water broke with water, chemicals, sand and other fracking

Cause and Effect About Students Attendance Free Essays

There are many types of students in terms of attendance, reactivity with class activity and submitting assignment. In this topic we are only interested in students who usually attend and they are divided into three groups, the first is students who arrive before the lecture begins, the second, which I think is the best, are students who arrive on the time of starting the lecture, the third are puncture students who arrive after the beginning of the class disturbing students and lecturer. In this essay we are going to look at each group’s positive and negative sides and what advantages they have. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect About Students Attendance or any similar topic only for you Order Now First type of students is the type who wants to get early to classes. This type of students will have to break their sleep and what may be a nice dream just to be there a few minutes earlier. However he will have good advantages, the first is that they can relax on their breakfast with a cup of tea or coffee. The second is they will not have to rush on their way to the university and will not face a lot of crowd if the lecture is during early morning. Finally, students who get early to classes will have enough time to review the previous lecture which may result in better understanding for the next one. The second type of students is students who get to classes on time. They and students who get early will be able to freely choose their seats. They also will be able to catch almost all information their instructor says. However they will not be as relaxed as students who come early. The last type is students who come late to classes. The only positive side for them is they can stay late at night because they have decided on coming late which means they do not have to wake up early, nevertheless, they themselves know that what they are doing is wrong but they are just ignoring it. We all know that students who arrive late to classes are over speeding because the moment they realize their state they stop thinking the right way and just focus on getting there with new highest record to avoid any reproach from the instructor and forgetting about the high probability of getting into argument with a cop because of any traffic contravention they did or involving in accident which will keep them even more delayed. When they arrive, they firstly will disturb the other students’ attention then, they notice that they have missed a lot of information which may be very important so they will ask students around them and eventually disturbing and cause noise in the class affecting the other students. In my opinion, students who usually arrive to classes on time are the best, because they get many positive points by being in the middle of both sides. How to cite Cause and Effect About Students Attendance, Essays

Shoulder Injuries Essay Example For Students

Shoulder Injuries Essay Shoulder injuries are a very common injury that occurs in most sports. All injuries and the rehabilitation done to the injured shoulder are based on the anatomy and structures of the shoulder. Doctors have developed different tests for evaluating the degree and seriousness of injured shoulders. Some have also developed different phases a person must go through to properly rehabilitate the shoulder. The shoulder is a ball and socket joint which allows it a flexion and extension motion. The shoulder is made up of two bones: the ball end called the humerus and the socket end called the scapula. It is held together by a semi complex series of muscles and tendons. As is found throughout the body, in the shoulder joint, there is a network of nerves that when injured they trigger pain, numbness, and other discomfort throughout the arm. Because the shoulder joint is made of many different parts it has many areas that may be injured. As with any injury to the body, a doctor or trainer has to examine and assess the severity of the injury in order to correctly diagnose and treat the injured athlete. Doctors are constantly developing new technology and new physical tests an injured person must go through to help them better understand the injury. Advanced Ultrasound Imaging LLC is using their Ultrasound technology to better detect rotator cuff shoulder injuries. Previously MRI’s were commonly used. There is a mixed reaction to the technology between orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists. Some embrace it, while others are still being slow to put it in to practice. Advantages of having an ultrasound range from it being a more accurate picture to not having to lie down for 45 minutes as a patient would if he were having an MRI. Another important improvement is, you can see the rotator cuff tear in motion because the patient can move his arm. The biggest difference is if a surgeon looks at an MRI it looks like a shoulder but if a surgeon looks at an ultrasound it may look like a snow storm. *insert article *attachedBesides being able to see the inside of a shoulder, doctors use different physical tests to evaluate the shoulder in order to determine what type of injury and how severe an injury may be. One such test was recently developed by Dr. Carl J. Basamania at the Womack Army Medical center in Fort Bragg, N.C. The test was developed to evaluate shoulder instability in a patient. During the test the Dr. or examiner stands next to the patient who is to lay flat on his/her back. The hand of the examined should is held firmly by the examiner. The examiner then pushes against the clavicle to stabilize th scapula, while they also gently hold the pectoral muscle with their thumb in order to be able to assess relaxation. The examiner then rotates the arm form neutral to full external rotation. If the patient has AIGHL incompetence there is a lack of tightening as the arm reaches full external rotation. The test has appeared to be highly accurate and may be of value to Dr.â €™s and surgeons alike. After doctors have determined what type and what degree of injury a patient has sustained using various tests it is on to the next step, rehabilitation. *insert article* attachedThere are four phases a patient must undergo to properly manage an injured should. The first phase is only rest and pain control. That is accomplished by obviously resting and using ice and possibly medications to control pain. Phase two is the strengthening phase. During that phase the focus is on the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizer muscles such as the pecs, lats, and the serratus anterior. Strength building begins with Isometric exercises (strengthen without using full range of motion) and progresses to Isotonic exercises (strengthen using full range of motion). There are about 20 different weight-lifting exercises that can be used to strengthen the shoulder muscles. Phase Three begins an endurance program in addition to the strengthening exercises. The goal is to reach 90 percent strength as compared to the uninjured shoulder. This phase also includes increasing patients activity to sport and/or work related activity. After going through all four phas es a patient should be in a healthy enough physical state that he/she may resume normal life and activity barring any unforeseen circumstances. .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 , .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .postImageUrl , .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 , .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3:hover , .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3:visited , .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3:active { border:0!important; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3:active , .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3 .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u51edbbdc4fa6f180ffd2e9d44c7dbdb3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The road not taken Essay*insert article* attachedDuring the rehabilitation phase of a shoulder injuries a patient may undergo various different treatments. A popular treatment among physical therapists is ultrasound therapy and many therapists believe in its effectiveness however a recent study conducted by Dutch scientists reveals it may not work. The therapy is used to alleviate pain and loosen up inflames tissue. The scientists split 80 people with bad shoulders into four groups. Some received either no treatment, ultrasound and electrical stimulation, a mix of active and dummy care, or all fake treatment. After they ended treatment, the same amount of people (40 percen t) said they were feeling better. Therapists say they do not want to give up the treatment but believe it may need to be re-examined. *insert article* attachedEven after going through the different phases of rehabilitation and treatment, a patient must continue to exercise and strengthen his/her shoulder. An exercise Developed by Dr. Gavin Hopper designed to improve flexibility of the shoulder to reduce shoulder injuries can also be applied to a previously injured shoulder as a precautionary measure. Dr. Hopper suggests before exercising an athlete should stretch his shoulders by grabbing the elbow of his injured arm with his opposite hand and then pull it across the chest. The athlete should then hold the stretch for ten seconds and repeat it four times. During the next stretch the athlete should pull the playing arm higher up, just beneath the chin and again hold the stretch or ten seconds and repeat four times. This stretch should help prevent any further injuries to the previously injured shoulder and should also be used by athletes to prevent any injuries from ever occurring to their shoulders. *insert article* attachedShoulder injuries are commonplace injuries in most sports especially those with a high level of contact. To prevent and treat these injuries many different technologies have been and are being developed to aid in properly diagnosing these patients injuries. Programs have been designed to create optimum health and return to normal life in those who have been diagnosed with shoulder injuries and much time and money is spent on new studies to help test applied treatments and design new ones. With sports becoming increasingly popular, the number of shoulder injuries is sure to increase and the need to prevent and care for these injuries will be on the upswing. Bibliography: